Hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery mnemonic

Reasons for gallstones

The mnemonic

Four Fs

What each word stands for

  • FemaleHigher risk in women
  • FatObesity
  • FertileMultiparity and oestrogen exposure
  • FortyPeak risk in middle age

Why it matters clinically

Quick screen for the typical cholesterol gallstone patient.

Where it stops being reliable

Pigment stones, haemolysis and young or thin patients do not fit the pattern.

Teaching aid, still awaiting independent review. Confirm facts in a standard source.

More mnemonics

Common questions

What is the Hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery mnemonic?

Four Fs. It helps you recall: Reasons for gallstones.

What does "Female" stand for?

Higher risk in women

What does "Fat" stand for?

Obesity

What does "Fertile" stand for?

Multiparity and oestrogen exposure

What are all the parts of the Four Fs mnemonic?

Female: Higher risk in women; Fat: Obesity; Fertile: Multiparity and oestrogen exposure; Forty: Peak risk in middle age.

Which topic does this mnemonic belong to?

It belongs to Hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery in General Surgery.

Where does this mnemonic stop being reliable?

Pigment stones, haemolysis and young or thin patients do not fit the pattern.

How is this useful clinically?

Quick screen for the typical cholesterol gallstone patient.

How do I make this mnemonic stick?

Say it aloud, write it from memory tomorrow, then again in a week. Then test yourself on a General Surgery question about Hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery.

Is this a standard mnemonic?

It is a teaching aid written or adapted by our team. Some resemble ones students share informally. Check any fact that matters in a standard source.