Demography: population pyramid: practice question

A PSM question in the style of the NEET PG paper. Answer it first, then read why the right option is right and why each of the others is wrong.

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PSM · Demography: population pyramid

Sample item

A population pyramid has a narrow base that is smaller than the middle age groups and a relatively wide upper part. What does this indicate?

Original practice item, not a recalled exam question. Nothing here is recorded.

The answer and the reasoning

C. Low fertility and an ageing population

A pyramid with a constricted base reflects falling birth numbers, and a broad upper part shows survival of many older people. This is the pattern in countries with long-standing low fertility and high life expectancy. A broad base with sharply tapering sides is seen in young, high-fertility populations.

Option by option

  • A. A population that is expanding rapidly

    Rapid expansion gives a wide base and not a constricted one.

  • B. High fertility and a young population

    High fertility gives a wide base that tapers quickly with age.

  • C. Low fertility and an ageing population (correct)

    Correct. A narrowing base with a broad top means low fertility and ageing.

  • D. Mass in-migration of children

    Child migration would widen the base, not narrow it.

Source note: Original NextPrep sample item — pending expert review. This item is original practice material awaiting independent expert review, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.

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Questions about this PSM question

What is the answer to this PSM question?

The best answer is C, Low fertility and an ageing population. A pyramid with a constricted base reflects falling birth numbers, and a broad upper part shows survival of many older people.

Why is "A population that is expanding rapidly" not the answer?

Rapid expansion gives a wide base and not a constricted one.

Why is "High fertility and a young population" not the answer?

High fertility gives a wide base that tapers quickly with age.

Why is "Mass in-migration of children" not the answer?

Child migration would widen the base, not narrow it.

What concept does this question test?

It tests Demography: population pyramid in PSM. This is the pattern in countries with long-standing low fertility and high life expectancy. A broad base with sharply tapering sides is seen in young, high-fertility populations.

How hard is this question?

We tag it as an application question: it asks you to use a fact on a patient or a finding. The tag is our own editorial judgement, not an official difficulty rating, so read the reason for every option, not only the answer.

How should I study Demography: population pyramid?

Practise biostatistics with small calculations until sensitivity, predictive values and risk measures are automatic. Then use the flashcards and the other PSM questions on this site to test what stuck.

Is this a real NEET PG question?

No. It is an original practice item (editorial status: sample, version 1). NextPrep does not publish recalled or leaked questions, and independent faculty review of this item has not been completed yet, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.