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General Surgery · Trauma: crush injury
Sample itemA man is extricated after 8 hours under a collapsed building. He is hypotensive, his limbs are swollen, urine is dark brown, and the ECG shows tall peaked T waves and a widened QRS. What is the most urgent immediate treatment?
Original practice item, not a recalled exam question. Nothing here is recorded.
The answer and the reasoning
B. Intravenous calcium gluconate with aggressive isotonic fluid resuscitation
Crush injury causes rhabdomyolysis, releasing potassium, myoglobin and phosphate, leading to life-threatening hyperkalaemia and myoglobinuric kidney injury. Calcium stabilises the myocardial membrane, and early vigorous isotonic fluids maintain urine flow and clear myoglobin, with insulin and glucose, salbutamol and later dialysis as needed.
Option by option
A. Immediate dialysis before any other treatment
Dialysis is valuable but takes time, and cardiac membrane stabilisation cannot wait.
B. Intravenous calcium gluconate with aggressive isotonic fluid resuscitation (correct)
Correct. Calcium protects the heart, and fluids prevent pigment nephropathy.
C. Furosemide alone
A diuretic alone in a hypovolaemic patient worsens renal perfusion and does not treat the ECG changes.
D. Oral potassium binders alone
Oral binders act too slowly for an arrhythmogenic potassium level.
Source note: Original NextPrep sample item — pending expert review. This item is original practice material awaiting independent expert review, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.
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