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Biochemistry · Lipid metabolism: phosphatidylserine externalisation in apoptosis
Sample itemAnnexin V staining is used to detect early apoptotic cells. Which membrane phospholipid, normally confined to the inner leaflet, is exposed on the cell surface and bound by annexin V?
Original practice item, not a recalled exam question. Nothing here is recorded.
The answer and the reasoning
D. Phosphatidylserine
In healthy cells phosphatidylserine is kept on the cytoplasmic leaflet by flippases. During apoptosis it is exposed on the outer surface, acting as an eat-me signal for phagocytes and binding annexin V in the presence of calcium. Phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin are mainly on the outer leaflet in healthy cells.
Option by option
A. Sphingomyelin
Sphingomyelin is predominantly on the outer leaflet of healthy cells.
B. Phosphatidylinositol
Phosphatidylinositol is a minor inner leaflet lipid used in signalling, and annexin V does not bind it.
C. Phosphatidylcholine
Phosphatidylcholine is mainly in the outer leaflet already and is not the annexin V ligand.
D. Phosphatidylserine (correct)
Correct. Externalised phosphatidylserine is the target of annexin V.
Source note: Original NextPrep sample item — pending expert review. This item is original practice material awaiting independent expert review, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.
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