Embryology: ACE inhibitor fetopathy: practice question

A Anatomy question in the style of the NEET PG paper. Answer it first, then read why the right option is right and why each of the others is wrong.

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Anatomy · Embryology: ACE inhibitor fetopathy

Sample item

Which fetal complication is characteristic of maternal ACE inhibitor use in the second and third trimesters?

Original practice item, not a recalled exam question. Nothing here is recorded.

The answer and the reasoning

B. Renal tubular dysgenesis with oligohydramnios

ACE inhibitors reduce fetal renal perfusion, producing renal tubular dysgenesis, anuria and oligohydramnios. The consequences include pulmonary hypoplasia, limb contractures and poorly ossified skull bones.

Option by option

  • A. Ebstein anomaly of the tricuspid valve

    Ebstein anomaly is associated with maternal lithium exposure.

  • B. Renal tubular dysgenesis with oligohydramnios (correct)

    Correct. Fetal renal hypoperfusion causes renal dysgenesis and oligohydramnios.

  • C. Neural tube defects

    Neural tube defects are linked to valproate, carbamazepine and folate deficiency.

  • D. Limb reduction defects

    Limb reduction defects are classically linked to thalidomide.

Source note: Original NextPrep sample item — pending expert review. This item is original practice material awaiting independent expert review, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.

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Questions about this Anatomy question

What is the answer to this Anatomy question?

The best answer is B, Renal tubular dysgenesis with oligohydramnios. ACE inhibitors reduce fetal renal perfusion, producing renal tubular dysgenesis, anuria and oligohydramnios.

Why is "Ebstein anomaly of the tricuspid valve" not the answer?

Ebstein anomaly is associated with maternal lithium exposure.

Why is "Neural tube defects" not the answer?

Neural tube defects are linked to valproate, carbamazepine and folate deficiency.

Why is "Limb reduction defects" not the answer?

Limb reduction defects are classically linked to thalidomide.

What concept does this question test?

It tests Embryology: ACE inhibitor fetopathy in Anatomy. The consequences include pulmonary hypoplasia, limb contractures and poorly ossified skull bones.

How hard is this question?

We tag it as an application question: it asks you to use a fact on a patient or a finding. The tag is our own editorial judgement, not an official difficulty rating, so read the reason for every option, not only the answer.

How should I study Embryology: ACE inhibitor fetopathy?

Learn every nerve by its route, its muscles and what a lesion looks like at the bedside. That one habit answers a large share of questions. Then use the flashcards and the other Anatomy questions on this site to test what stuck.

Is this a real NEET PG question?

No. It is an original practice item (editorial status: sample, version 1). NextPrep does not publish recalled or leaked questions, and independent faculty review of this item has not been completed yet, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.