Systemic paediatrics: endocarditis prophylaxis: practice question

A Pediatrics question in the style of the NEET PG paper. Answer it first, then read why the right option is right and why each of the others is wrong.

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Pediatrics · Systemic paediatrics: endocarditis prophylaxis

Sample item

Before a dental extraction, which child most needs infective endocarditis prophylaxis?

AA child with a prosthetic valve or unrepaired cyanotic heart diseaseBA child with a repaired ASD without residual defect after 1 yearCA child with a small isolated VSDDA child with a functional murmur

Original practice item, not a recalled exam question. Nothing here is recorded.

The answer and the reasoning

A. A child with a prosthetic valve or unrepaired cyanotic heart disease

Prophylaxis is restricted to high-risk cardiac conditions such as prosthetic valves, previous endocarditis, unrepaired cyanotic congenital heart disease and recent device repair. Innocent murmurs and small isolated defects do not need it.

Option by option

A. A child with a prosthetic valve or unrepaired cyanotic heart disease (correct)
Correct. This is a high-risk lesion.
B. A child with a repaired ASD without residual defect after 1 year
A completely repaired lesion without residual defect after 1 year carries low risk.
C. A child with a small isolated VSD
Small VSD is low risk.
D. A child with a functional murmur
Innocent murmurs carry no risk.

Source note: Original NextPrep sample item — pending expert review. This item is original practice material awaiting independent expert review, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.

Questions about this Pediatrics question

What is the answer to this Pediatrics question?

The best answer is A, A child with a prosthetic valve or unrepaired cyanotic heart disease. Prophylaxis is restricted to high-risk cardiac conditions such as prosthetic valves, previous endocarditis, unrepaired cyanotic congenital heart disease and recent device repair.

Why is "A child with a repaired ASD without residual defect after 1 year" not the answer?

A completely repaired lesion without residual defect after 1 year carries low risk.

Why is "A child with a small isolated VSD" not the answer?

Small VSD is low risk.

Why is "A child with a functional murmur" not the answer?

Innocent murmurs carry no risk.

What concept does this question test?

It tests Systemic paediatrics: endocarditis prophylaxis in Pediatrics. Innocent murmurs and small isolated defects do not need it.

How hard is this question?

We tag it as an application question: it asks you to use a fact on a patient or a finding. The tag is our own editorial judgement, not an official difficulty rating, so read the reason for every option, not only the answer.

How should I study Systemic paediatrics: endocarditis prophylaxis?

Memorise milestones and the vaccine schedule as tables and revise them often. Then use the flashcards and the other Pediatrics questions on this site to test what stuck.

Is this a real NEET PG question?

No. It is an original practice item (editorial status: sample, version 1). NextPrep does not publish recalled or leaked questions, and independent faculty review of this item has not been completed yet, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.