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Ophthalmology · Anatomy and physiology of the eye: lacrimal pump failure
Sample itemA 40-year-old man with a complete left lower motor neuron facial palsy complains of persistent watering of the left eye, though Schirmer testing is normal and syringing is patent. What is the main mechanism?
Original practice item, not a recalled exam question. Nothing here is recorded.
The answer and the reasoning
D. Loss of orbicularis oculi pumping of tears into the sac
Blinking contracts the orbicularis, including its lacrimal part, creating a pump that draws tears into the canaliculi and sac. In facial palsy this pump fails and the lower lid sags, so tears overflow despite a patent system.
Option by option
A. Obstruction at the valve of Hasner
Patent syringing excludes obstruction at the lower end of the duct.
B. Stenosis of the common canaliculus
Patent syringing also excludes canalicular stenosis.
C. Hypersecretion by the main lacrimal gland
Normal Schirmer values exclude hypersecretion as the cause.
D. Loss of orbicularis oculi pumping of tears into the sac (correct)
Correct. Paralysis of orbicularis oculi stops the lacrimal pump and lid apposition.
Source note: Original NextPrep sample item — pending expert review. This item is original practice material awaiting independent expert review, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.
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