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Orthopaedics · Paediatric orthopaedics: idiopathic toe walking
Sample itemA 3-year-old has walked on tiptoe since starting to walk. Neurological examination and development are normal, she can stand flat-footed on request, and ankle dorsiflexion is full. What is the best initial approach?
Original practice item, not a recalled exam question. Nothing here is recorded.
The answer and the reasoning
D. Observation, with stretching if tightness develops
Idiopathic toe walking is a diagnosis of exclusion in a developmentally normal child with full range at the ankle, and it often resolves. Initial management is observation, with stretching, casting or botulinum toxin considered if contracture develops. Surgery is rarely needed.
Option by option
A. Botulinum toxin injection
Toxin is an adjunct for persistent tightness, not the first step in a supple foot.
B. MRI of brain and spine
Neuroimaging is not needed when examination and development are normal.
C. Immediate Achilles tendon lengthening
Surgical lengthening is reserved for fixed contracture after non-operative treatment fails.
D. Observation, with stretching if tightness develops (correct)
Correct. A neurologically normal child with supple ankles is observed first.
Source note: Original NextPrep sample item — pending expert review. This item is original practice material awaiting independent expert review, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.
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