Transplantation: hyperacute rejection: practice question

A General Surgery question in the style of the NEET PG paper. Answer it first, then read why the right option is right and why each of the others is wrong.

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General Surgery · Transplantation: hyperacute rejection

Sample item

Within minutes of reperfusion, a transplanted kidney turns blue and mottled, and fails. What is the mechanism?

Original practice item, not a recalled exam question. Nothing here is recorded.

The answer and the reasoning

D. Preformed recipient antibodies against donor antigens

Hyperacute rejection is a type II hypersensitivity in which preformed antibodies, for example against ABO or HLA antigens, activate complement and cause thrombosis of the graft vessels. It is prevented by ABO matching and a negative crossmatch. The graft must be removed.

Option by option

  • A. Viral infection

    Viral infection does not cause immediate failure.

  • B. Chronic fibrosis from vascular injury

    Chronic rejection develops over months to years.

  • C. T-cell mediated cellular infiltration

    Cellular rejection takes days to weeks.

  • D. Preformed recipient antibodies against donor antigens (correct)

    Correct. Preformed antibodies cause immediate vascular rejection.

Source note: Original NextPrep sample item — pending expert review. This item is original practice material awaiting independent expert review, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.

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Questions about this General Surgery question

What is the answer to this General Surgery question?

The best answer is D, Preformed recipient antibodies against donor antigens. Hyperacute rejection is a type II hypersensitivity in which preformed antibodies, for example against ABO or HLA antigens, activate complement and cause thrombosis of the graft vessels.

Why is "Viral infection" not the answer?

Viral infection does not cause immediate failure.

Why is "Chronic fibrosis from vascular injury" not the answer?

Chronic rejection develops over months to years.

Why is "T-cell mediated cellular infiltration" not the answer?

Cellular rejection takes days to weeks.

What concept does this question test?

It tests Transplantation: hyperacute rejection in General Surgery. It is prevented by ABO matching and a negative crossmatch. The graft must be removed.

How hard is this question?

We tag it as an application question: it asks you to use a fact on a patient or a finding. The tag is our own editorial judgement, not an official difficulty rating, so read the reason for every option, not only the answer.

How should I study Transplantation: hyperacute rejection?

Learn classic signs and eponyms alongside what they diagnose. Then use the flashcards and the other General Surgery questions on this site to test what stuck.

Is this a real NEET PG question?

No. It is an original practice item (editorial status: sample, version 1). NextPrep does not publish recalled or leaked questions, and independent faculty review of this item has not been completed yet, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.