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Ophthalmology · Uvea: progressive outer retinal necrosis
Sample itemA man with advanced HIV has rapid loss of vision with multifocal deep outer retinal whitening from the periphery, minimal vitritis and no haemorrhage. He had herpes zoster last year. What is the diagnosis?
Original practice item, not a recalled exam question. Nothing here is recorded.
The answer and the reasoning
D. Progressive outer retinal necrosis
Progressive outer retinal necrosis is a varicella zoster infection of profoundly immunosuppressed patients, with rapid outer retinal whitening and little inflammation. CMV retinitis is slower and shows haemorrhage. Toxoplasmosis gives a focal lesion with vitritis.
Option by option
A. Cytomegalovirus retinitis
CMV retinitis is slower and has haemorrhage with granular borders.
B. Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis
Toxoplasma gives a focal necrotising retinitis with marked vitritis.
C. Candida chorioretinitis
Candida produces fluffy white lesions with vitreous balls in a bloodstream infection.
D. Progressive outer retinal necrosis (correct)
Correct. Rapid peripheral outer retinal necrosis with little vitritis in advanced HIV fits PORN.
Source note: Original NextPrep sample item — pending expert review. This item is original practice material awaiting independent expert review, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.
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