Pediatric cardiology: practice question

A Pediatrics question in the style of the NEET PG paper. Answer it first, then read why the right option is right and why each of the others is wrong.

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Pediatrics · Pediatric cardiology

Sample item

A cyanotic infant has tet spells relieved by squatting and a boot-shaped heart on chest X-ray. Which anatomical component is part of this lesion?

Original practice item, not a recalled exam question. Nothing here is recorded.

The answer and the reasoning

B. Aorta overriding the ventricular septum

The four components are ventricular septal defect, right ventricular outflow obstruction, overriding aorta and right ventricular hypertrophy. Pulmonary flow is reduced, not raised, and the left ventricle is not hypertrophied.

Option by option

  • A. Left ventricular hypertrophy

    Right, not left, ventricular hypertrophy occurs.

  • B. Aorta overriding the ventricular septum (correct)

    Correct. The aorta straddles the defect and receives blood from both ventricles.

  • C. Coarctation of the aorta

    Coarctation is not a component of this lesion.

  • D. Pulmonary arterial hypertension

    Pulmonary flow is reduced by outflow obstruction, so pulmonary pressure is low.

Source note: Original NextPrep sample item — pending expert review. This item is original practice material awaiting independent expert review, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.

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Questions about this Pediatrics question

What is the answer to this Pediatrics question?

The best answer is B, Aorta overriding the ventricular septum. The four components are ventricular septal defect, right ventricular outflow obstruction, overriding aorta and right ventricular hypertrophy.

Why is "Left ventricular hypertrophy" not the answer?

Right, not left, ventricular hypertrophy occurs.

Why is "Coarctation of the aorta" not the answer?

Coarctation is not a component of this lesion.

Why is "Pulmonary arterial hypertension" not the answer?

Pulmonary flow is reduced by outflow obstruction, so pulmonary pressure is low.

What concept does this question test?

It tests Pediatric cardiology in Pediatrics. Pulmonary flow is reduced, not raised, and the left ventricle is not hypertrophied.

How hard is this question?

We tag it as an application question: it asks you to use a fact on a patient or a finding. The tag is our own editorial judgement, not an official difficulty rating, so read the reason for every option, not only the answer.

How should I study Pediatric cardiology?

Memorise milestones and the vaccine schedule as tables and revise them often. Then use the flashcards and the other Pediatrics questions on this site to test what stuck.

Is this a real NEET PG question?

No. It is an original practice item (editorial status: sample, version 1). NextPrep does not publish recalled or leaked questions, and independent faculty review of this item has not been completed yet, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.