Nephrology: nephrotic syndrome: practice question

A Pediatrics question in the style of the NEET PG paper. Answer it first, then read why the right option is right and why each of the others is wrong.

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Pediatrics · Nephrology: nephrotic syndrome

Sample item

A child presents with periorbital edema, ascites, heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia. What is the most likely syndrome?

Original practice item, not a recalled exam question. Nothing here is recorded.

The answer and the reasoning

C. Nephrotic syndrome

Nephrotic syndrome is defined by heavy protein loss, low serum albumin, edema, and hyperlipidemia. Children require assessment for complications including infection and thrombosis.

Option by option

  • A. Urinary tract infection

    UTI causes urinary symptoms and fever, not massive protein loss.

  • B. Diabetes insipidus

    Diabetes insipidus causes polyuria and polydipsia with dilute urine.

  • C. Nephrotic syndrome (correct)

    Correct. This protein-losing edema pattern is nephrotic syndrome.

  • D. Acute nephritic syndrome

    Nephritic syndrome features hematuria, hypertension, and inflammatory glomerular injury.

Source note: Original NextPrep sample item — pending expert review. This item is original practice material awaiting independent expert review, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.

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Questions about this Pediatrics question

What is the answer to this Pediatrics question?

The best answer is C, Nephrotic syndrome. Nephrotic syndrome is defined by heavy protein loss, low serum albumin, edema, and hyperlipidemia.

Why is "Urinary tract infection" not the answer?

UTI causes urinary symptoms and fever, not massive protein loss.

Why is "Diabetes insipidus" not the answer?

Diabetes insipidus causes polyuria and polydipsia with dilute urine.

Why is "Acute nephritic syndrome" not the answer?

Nephritic syndrome features hematuria, hypertension, and inflammatory glomerular injury.

What concept does this question test?

It tests Nephrology: nephrotic syndrome in Pediatrics. Children require assessment for complications including infection and thrombosis.

How hard is this question?

We tag it as an application question: it asks you to use a fact on a patient or a finding. The tag is our own editorial judgement, not an official difficulty rating, so read the reason for every option, not only the answer.

How should I study Nephrology: nephrotic syndrome?

Memorise milestones and the vaccine schedule as tables and revise them often. Then use the flashcards and the other Pediatrics questions on this site to test what stuck.

Is this a real NEET PG question?

No. It is an original practice item (editorial status: sample, version 1). NextPrep does not publish recalled or leaked questions, and independent faculty review of this item has not been completed yet, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.