Endocrinology: diabetic ketoacidosis: practice question

A Pediatrics question in the style of the NEET PG paper. Answer it first, then read why the right option is right and why each of the others is wrong.

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Pediatrics · Endocrinology: diabetic ketoacidosis

Sample item

A child with new type 1 diabetes has polyuria, weight loss, vomiting, Kussmaul respirations, and ketonemia. Which complication must be monitored particularly closely during treatment?

Original practice item, not a recalled exam question. Nothing here is recorded.

The answer and the reasoning

D. Cerebral edema

Children with diabetic ketoacidosis need protocolized fluid, insulin, electrolyte, and neurologic monitoring because cerebral edema is a rare but serious complication. New headache, altered consciousness, or bradycardia warrants urgent escalation.

Option by option

  • A. Nephrolithiasis

    Kidney stones are not the central acute concern during DKA correction.

  • B. Appendicitis

    Appendicitis is not a specific DKA treatment complication.

  • C. Otosclerosis

    Otosclerosis is unrelated to acute metabolic treatment.

  • D. Cerebral edema (correct)

    Correct. Cerebral edema is a critical treatment-period complication in pediatric DKA.

Source note: Original NextPrep sample item — pending expert review. This item is original practice material awaiting independent expert review, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.

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Questions about this Pediatrics question

What is the answer to this Pediatrics question?

The best answer is D, Cerebral edema. Children with diabetic ketoacidosis need protocolized fluid, insulin, electrolyte, and neurologic monitoring because cerebral edema is a rare but serious complication.

Why is "Nephrolithiasis" not the answer?

Kidney stones are not the central acute concern during DKA correction.

Why is "Appendicitis" not the answer?

Appendicitis is not a specific DKA treatment complication.

Why is "Otosclerosis" not the answer?

Otosclerosis is unrelated to acute metabolic treatment.

What concept does this question test?

It tests Endocrinology: diabetic ketoacidosis in Pediatrics. New headache, altered consciousness, or bradycardia warrants urgent escalation.

How hard is this question?

We tag it as a multi-step question: it asks you to combine more than one idea. The tag is our own editorial judgement, not an official difficulty rating, so read the reason for every option, not only the answer.

How should I study Endocrinology: diabetic ketoacidosis?

Memorise milestones and the vaccine schedule as tables and revise them often. Then use the flashcards and the other Pediatrics questions on this site to test what stuck.

Is this a real NEET PG question?

No. It is an original practice item (editorial status: sample, version 1). NextPrep does not publish recalled or leaked questions, and independent faculty review of this item has not been completed yet, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.