Renal medicine: nephritic syndrome: practice question

A General Medicine question in the style of the NEET PG paper. Answer it first, then read why the right option is right and why each of the others is wrong.

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General Medicine · Renal medicine: nephritic syndrome

Sample item

A patient has edema, hypertension, cola-colored urine, red-cell casts, and reduced renal function. Which syndrome is present?

Original practice item, not a recalled exam question. Nothing here is recorded.

The answer and the reasoning

C. Acute nephritic syndrome

Nephritic syndrome reflects glomerular inflammation and causes hematuria, red-cell casts, hypertension, edema, and reduced filtration. It differs from the heavy proteinuria of nephrotic syndrome.

Option by option

  • A. Renal tubular acidosis only

    Renal tubular acidosis does not produce red-cell casts.

  • B. Nephrotic syndrome

    Nephrotic syndrome is dominated by heavy proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia.

  • C. Acute nephritic syndrome (correct)

    Correct. Hematuria with red-cell casts is the key glomerulonephritic clue.

  • D. Diabetes insipidus

    Diabetes insipidus causes polyuria with dilute urine.

Source note: Original NextPrep sample item — pending expert review. This item is original practice material awaiting independent expert review, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.

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Questions about this General Medicine question

What is the answer to this General Medicine question?

The best answer is C, Acute nephritic syndrome. Nephritic syndrome reflects glomerular inflammation and causes hematuria, red-cell casts, hypertension, edema, and reduced filtration.

Why is "Renal tubular acidosis only" not the answer?

Renal tubular acidosis does not produce red-cell casts.

Why is "Nephrotic syndrome" not the answer?

Nephrotic syndrome is dominated by heavy proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia.

Why is "Diabetes insipidus" not the answer?

Diabetes insipidus causes polyuria with dilute urine.

What concept does this question test?

It tests Renal medicine: nephritic syndrome in General Medicine. It differs from the heavy proteinuria of nephrotic syndrome.

How hard is this question?

We tag it as an application question: it asks you to use a fact on a patient or a finding. The tag is our own editorial judgement, not an official difficulty rating, so read the reason for every option, not only the answer.

How should I study Renal medicine: nephritic syndrome?

For each disease know the classic presentation, the best test, and the first-line treatment. Then use the flashcards and the other General Medicine questions on this site to test what stuck.

Is this a real NEET PG question?

No. It is an original practice item (editorial status: sample, version 1). NextPrep does not publish recalled or leaked questions, and independent faculty review of this item has not been completed yet, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.