Renal: posterior urethral valves: practice question

A Pediatrics question in the style of the NEET PG paper. Answer it first, then read why the right option is right and why each of the others is wrong.

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Pediatrics · Renal: posterior urethral valves

Sample item

A male newborn has poor urinary stream, palpable bladder, bilateral hydronephrosis, and renal impairment. What congenital obstruction is most likely?

Original practice item, not a recalled exam question. Nothing here is recorded.

The answer and the reasoning

D. Posterior urethral valves

Posterior urethral valves cause bladder-outlet obstruction in male infants, leading to hydronephrosis and risk of renal dysplasia. Urgent urologic drainage and evaluation are required.

Option by option

  • A. Hypospadias only

    Hypospadias affects urethral opening but does not usually cause bilateral obstructive uropathy.

  • B. Pyloric stenosis

    Pyloric stenosis is gastric outlet obstruction.

  • C. Vesicoureteric reflux only

    Reflux may coexist but does not usually produce this primary outlet-obstruction picture.

  • D. Posterior urethral valves (correct)

    Correct. Male infant outlet obstruction with bilateral upper-tract dilation is characteristic.

Source note: Original NextPrep sample item — pending expert review. This item is original practice material awaiting independent expert review, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.

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Questions about this Pediatrics question

What is the answer to this Pediatrics question?

The best answer is D, Posterior urethral valves. Posterior urethral valves cause bladder-outlet obstruction in male infants, leading to hydronephrosis and risk of renal dysplasia.

Why is "Hypospadias only" not the answer?

Hypospadias affects urethral opening but does not usually cause bilateral obstructive uropathy.

Why is "Pyloric stenosis" not the answer?

Pyloric stenosis is gastric outlet obstruction.

Why is "Vesicoureteric reflux only" not the answer?

Reflux may coexist but does not usually produce this primary outlet-obstruction picture.

What concept does this question test?

It tests Renal: posterior urethral valves in Pediatrics. Urgent urologic drainage and evaluation are required.

How hard is this question?

We tag it as an application question: it asks you to use a fact on a patient or a finding. The tag is our own editorial judgement, not an official difficulty rating, so read the reason for every option, not only the answer.

How should I study Renal: posterior urethral valves?

Memorise milestones and the vaccine schedule as tables and revise them often. Then use the flashcards and the other Pediatrics questions on this site to test what stuck.

Is this a real NEET PG question?

No. It is an original practice item (editorial status: sample, version 1). NextPrep does not publish recalled or leaked questions, and independent faculty review of this item has not been completed yet, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.