Pediatric imaging: pyloric stenosis: practice question

A Radiology question in the style of the NEET PG paper. Answer it first, then read why the right option is right and why each of the others is wrong.

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Radiology · Pediatric imaging: pyloric stenosis

Sample item

Ultrasound in an infant with projectile nonbilious vomiting shows elongated thickened pyloric muscle. What diagnosis is supported?

Original practice item, not a recalled exam question. Nothing here is recorded.

The answer and the reasoning

A. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis causes progressive nonbilious projectile vomiting in early infancy and is diagnosed by ultrasound showing hypertrophied pyloric muscle and elongated channel. Electrolytes should be corrected before surgery.

Option by option

  • A. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (correct)

    Correct. The pyloric ultrasound appearance is diagnostic in the clinical setting.

  • B. Hirschsprung disease

    Hirschsprung disease causes distal functional obstruction.

  • C. Intussusception

    Intussusception produces a bowel target sign and episodic colic.

  • D. Malrotation with volvulus

    Volvulus often presents with bilious vomiting.

Source note: Original NextPrep sample item — pending expert review. This item is original practice material awaiting independent expert review, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.

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Questions about this Radiology question

What is the answer to this Radiology question?

The best answer is A, Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis causes progressive nonbilious projectile vomiting in early infancy and is diagnosed by ultrasound showing hypertrophied pyloric muscle and elongated channel.

Why is "Hirschsprung disease" not the answer?

Hirschsprung disease causes distal functional obstruction.

Why is "Intussusception" not the answer?

Intussusception produces a bowel target sign and episodic colic.

Why is "Malrotation with volvulus" not the answer?

Volvulus often presents with bilious vomiting.

What concept does this question test?

It tests Pediatric imaging: pyloric stenosis in Radiology. Electrolytes should be corrected before surgery.

How hard is this question?

We tag it as an application question: it asks you to use a fact on a patient or a finding. The tag is our own editorial judgement, not an official difficulty rating, so read the reason for every option, not only the answer.

How should I study Pediatric imaging: pyloric stenosis?

Learn signs with the image, and the disease they point to. Then use the flashcards and the other Radiology questions on this site to test what stuck.

Is this a real NEET PG question?

No. It is an original practice item (editorial status: sample, version 1). NextPrep does not publish recalled or leaked questions, and independent faculty review of this item has not been completed yet, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.