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Pathology · Neoplasia: neuroblastoma
Sample itemA 2-year-old child has an abdominal mass crossing the midline, periorbital ecchymoses and opsoclonus-myoclonus. Urinary VMA and HVA are raised. Which finding indicates an adverse prognosis?
Original practice item, not a recalled exam question. Nothing here is recorded.
The answer and the reasoning
A. MYCN gene amplification
Neuroblastoma arises from sympathetic neuroblasts of the adrenal medulla or sympathetic chain and secretes catecholamines. MYCN amplification is the key adverse genetic marker, correlating with advanced disease and poor survival. Young age, TrkA expression, hyperdiploidy and spontaneous regression are favourable features.
Option by option
A. MYCN gene amplification (correct)
Correct. MYCN amplification signals aggressive disease.
B. Age under 18 months at diagnosis
Age under 18 months is associated with better survival.
C. High TrkA expression
High TrkA expression is associated with a favourable outcome and differentiation.
D. Hyperdiploid tumour DNA content
Hyperdiploidy is a favourable feature, especially in infants.
Source note: Original NextPrep sample item — pending expert review. This item is original practice material awaiting independent expert review, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.
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