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General Medicine · Cardiology: left atrial myxoma
Sample itemA 45-year-old woman has fever, weight loss and a raised ESR. She also has episodes of breathlessness and presyncope on sitting up, and a low-pitched early diastolic sound that changes with posture. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Original practice item, not a recalled exam question. Nothing here is recorded.
The answer and the reasoning
C. Left atrial myxoma
A pedunculated tumour attached to the interatrial septum can intermittently obstruct the mitral orifice, causing postural symptoms and a tumour plop. Constitutional features and a high ESR come from interleukin-6 release by the tumour. Echocardiography is diagnostic and treatment is surgical excision.
Option by option
A. Subacute infective endocarditis
Subacute endocarditis causes fever and a murmur but not postural obstruction or a posture-dependent sound.
B. Constrictive pericarditis
Constrictive pericarditis causes a pericardial knock and features of right-sided congestion, with no postural variation.
C. Left atrial myxoma (correct)
Correct. Positional obstruction, a tumour plop and constitutional features fit a left atrial myxoma.
D. Rheumatic mitral stenosis
Rheumatic mitral stenosis gives a fixed opening snap and loud first sound without constitutional features.
Source note: Original NextPrep sample item — pending expert review. This item is original practice material awaiting independent expert review, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.
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