Nephrology: posterior urethral valves: practice question

A Pediatrics question in the style of the NEET PG paper. Answer it first, then read why the right option is right and why each of the others is wrong.

Try it

Pediatrics · Nephrology: posterior urethral valves

Sample item

A newborn boy has a poor urinary stream, a palpable bladder and bilateral hydronephrosis. MCU shows a dilated posterior urethra. What is the diagnosis?

AHypospadiasBPosterior urethral valvesCNeurogenic bladderDPrune belly syndrome

Original practice item, not a recalled exam question. Nothing here is recorded.

The answer and the reasoning

B. Posterior urethral valves

Posterior urethral valves are the commonest cause of obstructive uropathy in male infants and can lead to renal failure and pulmonary hypoplasia. Initial treatment is bladder drainage by catheter followed by endoscopic ablation of the valves. Oligohydramnios may be present antenatally.

Option by option

A. Hypospadias
Hypospadias has an abnormal meatus.
B. Posterior urethral valves (correct)
Correct. Dilated posterior urethra is typical of PUV.
C. Neurogenic bladder
Neurogenic bladder shows spinal anomalies.
D. Prune belly syndrome
Prune belly has deficient abdominal muscles.

Source note: Original NextPrep sample item — pending expert review. This item is original practice material awaiting independent expert review, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.

Questions about this Pediatrics question

What is the answer to this Pediatrics question?

The best answer is B, Posterior urethral valves. Posterior urethral valves are the commonest cause of obstructive uropathy in male infants and can lead to renal failure and pulmonary hypoplasia.

Why is "Hypospadias" not the answer?

Hypospadias has an abnormal meatus.

Why is "Neurogenic bladder" not the answer?

Neurogenic bladder shows spinal anomalies.

Why is "Prune belly syndrome" not the answer?

Prune belly has deficient abdominal muscles.

What concept does this question test?

It tests Nephrology: posterior urethral valves in Pediatrics. Initial treatment is bladder drainage by catheter followed by endoscopic ablation of the valves. Oligohydramnios may be present antenatally.

How hard is this question?

We tag it as an application question: it asks you to use a fact on a patient or a finding. The tag is our own editorial judgement, not an official difficulty rating, so read the reason for every option, not only the answer.

How should I study Nephrology: posterior urethral valves?

Memorise milestones and the vaccine schedule as tables and revise them often. Then use the flashcards and the other Pediatrics questions on this site to test what stuck.

Is this a real NEET PG question?

No. It is an original practice item (editorial status: sample, version 1). NextPrep does not publish recalled or leaked questions, and independent faculty review of this item has not been completed yet, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.