Chest imaging: pulmonary arteriovenous malformation: practice question

A Radiology question in the style of the NEET PG paper. Answer it first, then read why the right option is right and why each of the others is wrong.

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Radiology · Chest imaging: pulmonary arteriovenous malformation

Sample item

A patient with recurrent epistaxis and a family history of the same has a chest CT showing a well-defined lobulated nodule with a feeding artery and draining vein. What is the likely underlying diagnosis?

Original practice item, not a recalled exam question. Nothing here is recorded.

The answer and the reasoning

D. Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia with pulmonary AVM

Pulmonary AVMs are strongly associated with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu) and may cause hypoxaemia, paradoxical emboli and brain abscess. Contrast-enhanced CT shows the feeding vessel. Embolisation is the treatment.

Option by option

  • A. Silicosis

    Silicosis forms nodules without vessels.

  • B. Sarcoidosis

    Sarcoidosis causes nodes and perilymphatic nodules.

  • C. Cystic fibrosis

    Cystic fibrosis causes bronchiectasis.

  • D. Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia with pulmonary AVM (correct)

    Correct. Epistaxis with a pulmonary AVM suggests HHT.

Source note: Original NextPrep sample item — pending expert review. This item is original practice material awaiting independent expert review, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.

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Questions about this Radiology question

What is the answer to this Radiology question?

The best answer is D, Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia with pulmonary AVM. Pulmonary AVMs are strongly associated with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu) and may cause hypoxaemia, paradoxical emboli and brain abscess.

Why is "Silicosis" not the answer?

Silicosis forms nodules without vessels.

Why is "Sarcoidosis" not the answer?

Sarcoidosis causes nodes and perilymphatic nodules.

Why is "Cystic fibrosis" not the answer?

Cystic fibrosis causes bronchiectasis.

What concept does this question test?

It tests Chest imaging: pulmonary arteriovenous malformation in Radiology. Contrast-enhanced CT shows the feeding vessel. Embolisation is the treatment.

How hard is this question?

We tag it as a multi-step question: it asks you to combine more than one idea. The tag is our own editorial judgement, not an official difficulty rating, so read the reason for every option, not only the answer.

How should I study Chest imaging: pulmonary arteriovenous malformation?

Learn signs with the image, and the disease they point to. Then use the flashcards and the other Radiology questions on this site to test what stuck.

Is this a real NEET PG question?

No. It is an original practice item (editorial status: sample, version 1). NextPrep does not publish recalled or leaked questions, and independent faculty review of this item has not been completed yet, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.